When a blood vessel in the brain bursts and bleeds, or when there is a blockage in the blood flow to the brain, a stroke occurs. This happens as the brain does not get enough oxygen and nutrients – brain cells begin to die. A stroke is categorised as a cerebrovascular disease. This indicates a stroke affects the blood arteries that supply oxygen to the brain. Brain damage may occur when it does not receive enough oxygen.

Stroke is a medical emergency because the brain is such a complicated organ that regulates so many body systems.If a stroke happens and blood supply is cut off to the area of the brain that regulates a certain physiological function, that part of the body will not operate properly. Although many strokes may be treated, some might result in disability or death. As a result, seeking treatment early can help to prevent brain damage and other complications from happening.

If you suspect you or someone you’re with is experiencing a stroke, pay close attention to when the symptoms started. The term “FAST” might help you recall the signs of a stroke. This might assist a person in seeking therapy as soon as possible. The acronym FAST stands for:

Face drooping: When a person tries to smile, does one side of their face droop?
Arm weakness: When a person tries to lift both arms, does one of them fall downwards?
Speech difficulty: Is the person’s speech slurred or odd when they attempt to repeat a simple phrase?
Time to act: If you see any of these signs, call 911 right away.

The following are the markers and symptoms of a stroke:

• Experience confusion, trouble speaking (slur of words) and have difficulty understanding speech.
• Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg that often affects just one side of your body.
• One side of your mouth may droop when trying to smile.
• Double vision, blurred or darkened vision in one or both eyes.
• A severe headache that may be followed by nausea, vomiting, disorientation, or a loss of consciousness.
• Loss of coordination results in trouble walking such as loss of balance and stumbling. 

The following symptoms may also be present in certain people:

• Control issues with the bladder or bowels
• Depression
• One or both sides of their body are paralysed or weak
• Have trouble managing or expressing their emotions.
• Damage to the brain

The severity of the symptoms varies. Strokes can result in long-term health issues. After a stroke, a person may have temporary or permanent impairments depending on the speed with which they are diagnosed and treated.